Criminal law and penal law are of the same type. The punishments of such laws may be severe and unique according to the jurisdiction and also the kind of offense committed. What are considered as the most common forms of punishment are parole, probation, punishment, execution, and fines. There are times when the line that goes in between criminal law and civil law becomes blurred. The Sumarians produced the first written code of law. During these early codes, civil law and criminal law went hand in hand. What makes criminal law unique is that it tends to give serious consequences for anyone who fails to follow its rules. When imprisonment is ordered, it can be that solitary and may also take the whole lifespan of the person involved. Another type of confinement is house arrest and this needs individuals to get by the rules which are implemented by the parole or the probation department. Cash and property can be taken away from anyone who may be convicted. Penalties are of five categories and these are retribution, incapacitation, punishment, deterrence and restitution. Such punishments vary according to the jurisdiction. For those crimes at this website that affect large areas and societies due to the heinous nature of it, what is applied is the public international law. Public international law started after WWII after the Nuremberg Trials. Such trials marked the start when individuals are held responsible even if they are acting on the government's behalf. They have no capacity to claim sovereign immunity. It is through creating fear of punishment that most laws are enforced. In general acts that are undesirable are not allowed by law. The guilty act also known as actus reus needs an evidence to show that a crime was committed with an action, any threat of the action, or the lack of an action. Read about criminal liability here at http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143144/criminal-liability. In actus reus, a physical element is necessary. If someone is known to be in charge of another person by way of contract, blood relations, or through living together and by way of official position, then actus reus can be applied. This may also be applicable to a situation that is dangerous which resulted from one's actions. In this situation, the Good Samaritan Laws are applicable. If you need help in a criminal case, check it out! Several crimes like regulatory offenses don't require all these. All these are often called strict liability offenses. Proof of intent is often required due to the possible severity of the consequences involved. This is known as mens rea or proof of a guilty mind. There are those crimes that require both to be present. Both of them cannot occur in different times. For actus reus to be nullified, it should be proven that the harm towards an individual is going to happen anyway.
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